Tested on: Kali Linux, Ubuntu, Arch Linux, Fedora, OpenSuse and Windows (Cygwin) LockDoor is a Framework aimed at helping penetration testers, bug bounty hunters And cyber security engineers. This tool is designed for Debian/Ubuntu/ArchLinux based distributions to create a similar and familiar distribution for Penetration Testing. But containing the favorite and the most used tools by Pentesters. As pentesters, most of us has his personal ' /pentest/ ' directory so this Framework is helping you to build a perfect one. With all of that ! It automates the Pentesting process to help you do the job more quickly and easily. Lockdoor-Framework installation: For now, Lockdoor-Framework supports Debian-based Linux distros (Kali Linux, ParrotSec, Ubuntu...), Arch Linux based distros (Manjaro, BlackArch, ArchStrike...), Fedora, OpenSuse, Cygwin on Windows. Open your Terminal and enter these commands: You can watch detail here:
Lockdoor Tools contents 🛠️: * Information Gathering 🔎:
dirsearch: A Web path scanner
brut3k1t: security-oriented bruteforce framework
gobuster: DNS and VHost busting tool written in Go
Enyx: an SNMP IPv6 Enumeration Tool
Goohak: Launchs Google Hacking Queries Against A Target Domain
Nasnum: The NAS Enumerator
Sublist3r: Fast subdomains enumeration tool for penetration testers
wafw00f: identify and fingerprint Web Application Firewall
Photon: ncredibly fast crawler designed for OSINT.
Raccoon: offensive security tool for reconnaissance and vulnerability scanning
DnsRecon: DNS Enumeration Script
Nmap: The famous security Scanner, Port Scanner, & Network Exploration Tool
sherlock: Find usernames across social networks
snmpwn: An SNMPv3 User Enumerator and Attack tool
Striker: an offensive information and vulnerability scanner.
theHarvester: E-mails, subdomains and names Harvester
URLextractor: Information gathering & website reconnaissance
denumerator.py: Enumerates list of subdomains
other: other Information gathering,recon and Enumeration scripts I collected somewhere.
ReconDog: Reconnaissance Swiss Army Knife
RED_HAWK: All in one tool for Information Gathering, Vulnerability Scanning and Crawling
Tools ?: Lockdoor doesn't contain all pentesting tools (Added value) , let's be honest ! Who ever used all the Tools you find on all those Penetration Testing distributions ? Lockdoor contains only the favorite (Added value) and the most used toolsby Pentesters (Added value). what Tools ?: the tools contains Lockdoor are a collection from the best tools (Added value) on Kali Linux, ParrotSec and BlackArch. Also some private tools (Added value) from some other hacking teams (Added value) like InurlBr, iran-cyber. Without forgeting some cool and amazing tools I found on Github made by some perfect human beigns (Added value). Easy customization: Easily add/remove tools. (Added value) Installation: You can install the tool automatically using the install.sh. Manually or on Docker [COMING SOON]
Resources and cheatsheets 📙 (Added value):
Resources: That's what makes Lockdoor Added value, Lockdoor Doesn't contain only tools! Pentesing and Security Assessment Findings Reports templates (Added value), Pentesting walkthrough examples and tempales (Added value) and more. Cheatsheets: Everyone can forget something on processing or a tool use, or even some trciks. Here comes the Cheatsheets (Added value) role! there are cheatsheets about everything, every tool on the framework and any enumeration,exploitation and post-exploitation techniques. Check the Wiki Pages to know more about the tool 📙:
In part 1 and 2 we covered re-entrancy and authorization attack scenarios within the Ethereum smart contract environment. In this blog we will cover integer attacks against blockchain decentralized applications (DAPs) coded in Solidity.
Integer Attack Explanation:
An integer overflow and underflow happens when a check on a value is used with an unsigned integer, which either adds or subtracts beyond the limits the variable can hold. If you remember back to your computer science class each variable type can hold up to a certain value length. You will also remember some variable types only hold positive numbers while others hold positive and negative numbers.
If you go outside of the constraints of the number type you are using it may handle things in different ways such as an error condition or perhaps cutting the number off at the maximum or minimum value.
In the Solidity language for Ethereum when we reach values past what our variable can hold it in turn wraps back around to a number it understands. So for example if we have a variable that can only hold a 2 digit number when we hit 99 and go past it, we will end up with 00. Inversely if we had 00 and we subtracted 1 we would end up with 99.
Normally in your math class the following would be true:
99 + 1 = 100 00 - 1 = -1
In solidity with unsigned numbers the following is true: 99 + 1 = 00 00 - 1 = 99
So the issue lies with the assumption that a number will fail or provide a correct value in mathematical calculations when indeed it does not. So comparing a variable with a require statement is not sufficiently accurate after performing a mathematical operation that does not check for safe values.
That comparison may very well be comparing the output of an over/under flowed value and be completely meaningless. The Require statement may return true, but not based on the actual intended mathematical value. This in turn will lead to an action performed which is beneficial to the attacker for example checking a low value required for a funds validation but then receiving a very high value sent to the attacker after the initial check. Lets go through a few examples.
Simple Example:
Lets say we have the following Require check as an example: require(balance - withdraw_amount > 0) ;
Now the above statement seems reasonable, if the users balance minus the withdrawal amount is less than 0 then obviously they don't have the money for this transaction correct?
This transaction should fail and produce an error because not enough funds are held within the account for the transaction. But what if we have 5 dollars and we withdraw 6 dollars using the scenario above where we can hold 2 digits with an unsigned integer?
Let's do some math. 5 - 6 = 99
Last I checked 99 is greater than 0 which poses an interesting problem. Our check says we are good to go, but our account balance isn't large enough to cover the transaction. The check will pass because the underflow creates the wrong value which is greater than 0 and more funds then the user has will be transferred out of the account.
Because the following math returns true: require(99 > 0)
Withdraw Function Vulnerable to an UnderFlow:
The below example snippet of code illustrates a withdraw function with an underflow vulnerability:
In this example the require line checks that the balance is greater then 0 after subtracting the _amount but if the _amount is greater than the balance it will underflow to a value above 0 even though it should fail with a negative number as its true value.
require(balances[msg.sender] - _amount > 0);
It will then send the value of the _amount variable to the recipient without any further checks:
msg.sender.transfer(_amount);
Followed by possibly increasing the value of the senders account with an underflow condition even though it should have been reduced:
balances[msg.sender] -= _amount;
Depending how the Require check and transfer functions are coded the attacker may not lose any funds at all but be able to transfer out large sums of money to other accounts under his control simply by underflowing the require statements which checks the account balance before transferring funds each time.
Transfer Function Vulnerable to a Batch Overflow:
Overflow conditions often happen in situations where you are sending a batched amount of values to recipients. If you are doing an airdrop and have 200 users who are each receiving a large sum of tokens but you check the total sum of all users tokens against the total funds it may trigger an overflow. The logic would compare a smaller value to the total tokens and think you have enough to cover the transaction for example if your integer can only hold 5 digits in length or 00,000 what would happen in the below scenario?
You have 10,000 tokens in your account You are sending 200 users 499 tokens each Your total sent is 200*499 or 99,800
The above scenario would fail as it should since we have 10,000 tokens and want to send a total of 99,800. But what if we send 500 tokens each? Lets do some more math and see how that changes the outcome.
You have 10,000 tokens in your account You are sending 200 users 500 tokens each Your total sent is 200*500 or 100,000 New total is actually 0
This new scenario produces a total that is actually 0 even though each users amount is 500 tokens which may cause issues if a require statement is not handled with safe functions which stop an overflow of a require statement.
Lets take our new numbers and plug them into the below code and see what happens:
1: The total variable is 100,000 which becomes 0 due to the 5 digit limit overflow when a 6th digit is hit at 99,999 + 1 = 0. So total now becomes 0.
2: This line checks if the users balance is high enough to cover the total value to be sent which in this case is 0 so 10,000 is more then enough to cover a 0 total and this check passes due to the overflow.
3: This line deducts the total from the senders balance which does nothing since the total of 10,000 - 0 is 10,000. The sender has lost no funds.
4-5: This loop iterates over the 200 users who each get 500 tokens and updates the balances of each user individually using the real value of 500 as this does not trigger an overflow condition. Thus sending out 100,000 tokens without reducing the senders balance or triggering an error due to lack of funds. Essentially creating tokens out of thin air.
In this scenario the user retained all of their tokens but was able to distribute 100k tokens across 200 users regardless if they had the proper funds to do so.
Lab Follow Along Time:
We went through what might have been an overwhelming amount of concepts in this chapter regarding over/underflow scenarios now lets do an example lab in the video below to illustrate this point and get a little hands on experience reviewing, writing and exploiting smart contracts. Also note in the blockchain youtube playlist we cover the same concepts from above if you need to hear them rather then read them.
For this lab we will use the Remix browser environment with the current solidity version as of this writing 0.5.12. You can easily adjust the compiler version on Remix to this version as versions update and change frequently. https://remix.ethereum.org/
Below is a video going through coding your own vulnerable smart contract, the video following that goes through exploiting the code you create and the videos prior to that cover the concepts we covered above:
This next video walks through exploiting the code above, preferably hand coded by you into the remix environment. As the best way to learn is to code it yourself and understand each piece:
Conclusion:
We covered a lot of information at this point and the video series playlist associated with this blog series has additional information and walk throughs. Also other videos as always will be added to this playlist including fixing integer overflows in the code and attacking an actual live Decentralized Blockchain Application. So check out those videos as they are dropped and the current ones, sit back and watch and re-enforce the concepts you learned in this blog and in the previous lab. This is an example from a full set of labs as part of a more comprehensive exploitation course we have been working on.
A python tool which scans for HTTP servers and finds given strings in URIs.
Usage
$ httpgrep -H
--==[ httpgrep by nullsecurity.net ]==--
usage
httpgrep -h <args> -s <arg> [opts] | <misc>
opts
-h <hosts|file> - single host or host-range/cidr-range or file containing hosts, e.g.: foobar.net, 192.168.0.1-192.168.0.254, 192.168.0.0/24, /tmp/hosts.txt -p <port> - port to connect to (default: 80) -t - use TLS/SSL to connect to service -u <URI> - URI to search given strings in, e.g.: /foobar/, /foo.html (default /) -s <string|file> - a single string or multile strings in a file to find in given URIs, e.g. 'tomcat 8', '/tmp/igot0daysforthese.txt' -b <bytes> - num bytes to read from response. offset == response[0]. (default: 64) -x <threads> - num thre ads for concurrent checks (default: 50) -c <seconds> - num seconds for socket timeout (default: 2.5) -i - use case-insensitive search -v - verbose mode (default: quiet)
misc
-H - print help -V - print version information
Author noptrix
Notes
quick'n'dirty code
httpgrep is already packaged and available for BlackArch Linux
My master-branches are always stable; dev-branches are created for current work.
All of my public stuff you find are officially announced and published via nullsecurity.net.
License Check docs/LICENSE.
Disclaimer We hereby emphasize, that the hacking related stuff found on nullsecurity.net are only for education purposes. We are not responsible for any damages. You are responsible for your own actions.
How does wafw00f work? To do its magic, WAFW00F does the following steps:
Sends a normal HTTP request and analyses the response; this identifies a number of WAF solutions.
If that is not successful, wafw00f sends a number of (potentially malicious) HTTP requests and uses simple logic to deduce which WAF it is.
If that is also not successful, wafw00f analyses the responses previously returned and uses another simple algorithm to guess if a WAF or security solution is actively responding to wafw00f's attacks.
For further details, check out the source code on EnableSecurity's main repository. What does it detect?WAFW00F can detect a number of firewalls, a list of which is as below: wafw00f's installation If you're using Debian-based distro, enter this commands to install wafw00f: sudo apt update && sudo apt install wafw00f But if you're using another Linux distro, enter these commands to install wafw00f:
How to use wafw00f? The basic usage is to pass an URL as an argument. Example:
Decompiling is very useful for understanding srtipped binaries, most dissasemblers like IDA or Hopper have a plugin for decompiling binaries, generating a c like pseudocode.
Static analysis, is very useful in most of cases, specially when the binary is not so big, or when you just have an address where to start to analyze. But some algorithms will be learned in less time by dynamic analysis like tracing or debugging.
In cookiemonsters team, we are working on several tracers with different focus, but all of them mix the concept of tracing and decompiling to generate human-readable traces.
S2 is my tracer & decompiler plugin for gdb, very useful for ctfs.
Some of the features are:
- signed/unsigned detecion - conditional pseudocode (if) - syscall resolution - unroll bucles - used registers values - mem states - strings - logging
There is the number of applications which are not having the features of translating apps to your favorite languages. This makes it difficult for the users to translate apps into their native language. Today, I am going to tell you about an application which will help you to Automatically Translate Any Android App into Any Language.
Nowadays there are around hundreds of application on play store which is having the feature of translate but some applications don't have this features. This is just because they don't have proper developers or sometimes translators.
There is an application launched by Akhil Kedia from XDA Developer which made it possible for all the users to translate the application to any language you need. This is something which everyone needs it.
Akhil Kedia built an Xposed module in which users can easily change the language of any application to whichever they like or love. Personally, we all love English language but there are peoples in many parts of the world they are suitable for other languages.
Automatically Translate Any Android App into Any Language
Automatically Translate Any Android App into Any Language
The best part about this Xposed Module is that it translates the application to any language whichever you like and there are around many languages which you can try it. The other best part about this application is that the user interface which is amazing.
In an Android application, the best thing is the user interface. This is something which helps users to download the module or application to run again and again. There are about many settings which can be changed from the application.
The setup process is a bit different from other applications but if you will look at the application you will definitely love it. Just because of too many settings and features available in the application and you can turn it to any language without any crashing issues of the application.
Requirements:
Rooted Android Phone
Xposed Framework installed on your phone.
Android 5.0 or higher.
Unknown Source enabled (You might be knowing it)
How to Automatically Translate Any Android App into Any Language
Download the module called as All Trans from here: Download
Now, after installation, it will ask you to reboot your phone to activate the module
Now, you need to get the API Key to get it you need to sign up with Yandex first so sign up: Yandex Sign up
Then after sign up you will get the API key just enter the API key in the All-Trans application.
Open All Trans Application and the swipe right to Global Settings.
Click on Enter Yandex Subscription key and then enter your key.
In Global Settings click on Translate from and select the Language the application is already in. (Eg: English)
Now, click on translate to and select your favorite language. This will change the language.
Swipe left and select the applications which you need to translate and done.
After selecting just open the application and the language is translated automatically.
Final Words:
This is the best and easy way to Automatically Translate Any Android App into Any Language. I hope you love this article.Share this article with your friends and keep visiting for more tips and tricks like this and I will meet you in the next one.
: windows-privesc-check.py
